ministry of education

2013January 18

Chinese characters and Chinese calligraphy with Chinese characters as the carrier are the cultural treasures of the Chinese nation and the precious wealth of human civilization. Calligraphy education plays an important role in cultivating students' writing ability, aesthetic ability and cultural quality. In order to promote calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools and inherit the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, this outline is formulated.

First, the basic concept

Calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools takes literacy and writing teaching in the Chinese curriculum as the basic content, improves the ability to write Chinese characters as the basic goal, takes writing practice as the basic approach, and appropriately integrates calligraphy aesthetics and calligraphy culture education.

1Facing the whole group, let each student write Chinese characters well. Literacy and writing are the beginning of students' systematic cultural education and the foundation of lifelong learning. Calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools should enable every student to meet the basic requirements for standardizing the writing of Chinese characters.

2Hard pen and brush repair, practical and aesthetic complementary. Calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools includes the teaching of hard pen writing and brush writing. Calligraphy education should not only pay attention to cultivating students' practical ability to write Chinese characters, but also infiltrate aesthetic education and develop students' aesthetic ability.

3Follow the writing norms and pay attention to the individual experience. Calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools should enable students to master the basic norms and basic requirements of Chinese character writing, and also pay attention to students' experience, perception and personalized performance in calligraphy practice and calligraphy appreciation.

4Strengthen skills training and improve cultural literacy. Calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools should pay attention to the cultivation of basic writing skills and continuously improve the level of writing. At the same time, calligraphy culture education is appropriately carried out in teaching activities, so that students can understand the rich connotation and cultural value of Chinese characters and calligraphy, and improve their own cultural literacy.

2. Objectives and content

(1) The overall objectives and content of calligraphy education.

Teaching calligraphy

1Learn and master the basic techniques of writing Chinese characters with hard pen and brush, improve writing ability, and develop good writing habits.

2Feel the charm of Chinese characters and calligraphy, cultivate temperament, improve aesthetic ability and cultural taste.

3Stimulate the enthusiasm for loving Chinese characters and learning calligraphy, cherish the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and enhance cultural self-confidence and patriotic feelings.

(2) The objectives and content of hard pen learning.

1Master the essentials of holding the pen, write in the correct posture, not impatient, concentrated. Learn the correct way to move the pen, gradually experience the feeling of moving the pen from the pen, the pen and the pen, gradually feel the strength and speed changes in the hard pen writing, and gradually experience the characteristics of pencil and pen writing. Develop the habit of "lifting the pen is when practicing calligraphy". Know how to take care of stationery.

2In the lower grades of primary school, students learn to write block letters with a pencil, and master the basic strokes of Chinese characters, commonly used radicals and basic stroke order rules; With the help of the practice grid, students will grasp the strokes and frame structure of the characters, and strive to be standardized, upright and neat in writing, and initially feel the beauty of the shape of Chinese characters. The middle grade of primary school begins to learn to use a fountain pen, and can use the pen to write block letters proficiently, so that it is fair and symmetrical, strives to be beautiful, and gradually improves the writing speed. In the upper grades of primary school, when using horizontal lines to carry out writing exercises, strive to be neat, beautiful, and have a certain speed; Interested students can try to learn to write standard, common block letters with a hard pen. At the junior high school level, learn to write standardized and common block letters. In high school, you can learn to write with a hard pen and strive to be beautiful.

(3) The objectives and content of brush learning.

Primary 3-4 grades

1Master the essentials of holding a brush and the correct writing posture, understand the common sense of pen, ink, paper, inkstone and other commonly used writing utensils, and learn to use and care for them correctly. Take care to keep your writing environment clean and tidy.

2Learn to use a brush to copy regular script calligraphy, and master the basic methods of copying. Learn how to write the basic strokes of regular script, and initially master the basic methods of starting the pen, writing and closing the pen. Pay attention to the use of the character grid to grasp the stroke and frame structure of the character.

3Begin to get in touch with the classic inscriptions in regular script and gain a preliminary perceptual understanding. Try word collection exercises.

Primary 5-6 grades

1Continue to write regular script with a brush. Proficient in the method of brushing, can experience the changes in press, strength, rhythm and so on. With the help of the character grid, we can better grasp the position relationship between strokes and parts, and gradually achieve standardized strokes, symmetrical structure, and upright and beautiful. Maintain correct writing posture and good writing habits.

2Try to copy the classic inscriptions in regular script, experience its writing characteristics, and gradually improve the ability to copy. In copying or other writing activities, develop the habit of using your brain first and then your hands.

3Learn to appreciate calligraphy works. Learn about the format of common calligraphy works such as banners, buckets, and couplets. Pay attention to the application of calligraphy in social life. By appreciating the classic inscriptions, we can first understand the five fonts of seal, li, grass, Kai and Xing, understand the general evolution process of fonts, and initially feel the beauty of different fonts.

4Have a preliminary awareness of the application of calligraphy, and like to use their writing skills in study and life.

Junior high school level

1Continue to use a brush to copy the classic inscriptions in regular script, and strive to be accurate. Interested students can try to learn other fonts such as Lishu and Xingshu to understand the common sense of seal carving.

2Learn about some of the most representative booksellers and works. Learn to appreciate calligraphy works from the aspects of strokes, structure, chapter and connotation, feel the beauty of calligraphy at first, and try to communicate with others about the experience of appreciation.

3.Be willing to actively use your writing skills in class, school, community activities and family life.

High school level

1Consolidate and improve the learning results of calligraphy in the compulsory education stage, and continue to use brushes to copy classic inscriptions.

2Combined with the study of language, history, fine arts, art and other related disciplines, understand the rich connotation and cultural value of Chinese calligraphy, and improve cultural accomplishment.

3You can learn in-depth and develop your strengths through calligraphy elective courses; You can try your hand at creating calligraphy works.

3. Implementation suggestions and requirements

(1) Teaching suggestions and requirements.

1Arrange the teaching time of calligraphy education reasonably. Calligraphy education in compulsory education is mainly based on Chinese courses, but can also be carried out in other subject courses, local and school-based curricula. Among them, grades 3-6 of primary school arrange 1 class hour per week for the learning of brush characters. Ordinary high schools can offer calligraphy elective courses.

2. Focus on cultivating students' basic calligraphy skills. Copying is the basic way of learning calligraphy, and the process of copying includes reading, copying, writing, comparison, adjustment and other stages. In the initial stage of provisional writing, it is necessary to give full play to the important role of the character grid in the process of reading and writing, and guide students to observe the strokes, component positions and proportional relationships of model characters. In the process of copying, develop the habit of reading the post, and form the consciousness of "intending to write first". Students use a brush to copy the classic inscriptions in regular script and strive for accuracy. Some students with a higher level of writing can try to memorize more accurately.

3Pay attention to developing good writing habits and attitudes. In the process of teaching calligraphy, especially in the initial stage of learning, teachers should guide students' writing attitude, writing posture, use of writing utensils and keep the writing environment clean and tidy.

4Follow the rules of learning calligraphy step by step. Elementary school students first learn to use pencils when they first learn to write, and gradually learn to use pens and brushes as they grow older. The teaching of calligraphy should start with writing strokes, and generally should start from simple words to words with complex structures, from single-word exercises to chapter exercises, from observation of example characters, red drawing, imitation of shadows, temporary posts to independent writing. Teachers should arrange the teaching process scientifically, rationally, and systematically, so that students can gradually master the basic techniques and continuously improve their writing ability. The teaching of hard pen writing should run through the whole process of calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools.

5Strengthen the practice of writing. Students' writing practice activities should be ensured through a variety of methods, such as classroom exercises, writing assignments, and written assignments in various subjects. Teachers of all disciplines should pay attention to the guidance of students' writing practice, and have clear writing requirements for daily homework. Efforts should be made to organically combine the practice of calligraphy with the application to avoid increasing the burden of students' homework.

6Clarify the requirements for the use of Chinese characters in calligraphy teaching. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Standard Language, the teaching of hard pen should use standardized Chinese characters, and the calligraphy pen should be based on the classic tablet.

7Exemplary role of teachers. Teachers of all subjects should play an exemplary role in board writing, homework correction and daily writing, and become role models for students to write seriously.

8Advocate a variety of teaching methods and methods. The teaching of calligraphy can be in the form of writing practice, homework display, appreciation and evaluation, discussion and exchange, etc., to stimulate students' interest in learning and improve teaching efficiency. Encourage schools, teachers and students to obtain rich calligraphy education resources through the Internet, strengthen exchanges, build an open online calligraphy teaching platform, and make full use of modern information technology to carry out lively calligraphy teaching.

9Pay attention to the combination of inside and outside the classroom. It is necessary to guide students to learn and use calligraphy in their daily lives, and actively carry out calligraphy education and practice activities. Through various forms such as club activities, interest groups, special lectures, competitions and exhibitions, art festivals, cultural festivals, etc., we create a calligraphy learning environment and atmosphere. Make full use of resources such as children's palaces, art galleries, museums, and places of interest to expand the learning space of calligraphy. Qualified areas and schools can also carry out inter-school, regional and international calligraphy education exchange activities. Encourage students to apply the learning results of calligraphy in their studies and daily life to develop their practical skills.

(2) Evaluation recommendations.

1Purpose of the evaluation. The evaluation of calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools should play the developmental function of evaluation, aiming to stimulate students' interest in learning calligraphy, develop good writing habits, and improve writing level and aesthetic taste.

2Evaluation focus. In the evaluation of writing in the lower and middle grades of primary school, attention should be paid to the correct grasp of the basic strokes and structure; Pay attention to the development of serious writing attitude and good writing habits. The upper grades of primary school should also pay attention to the beauty and fluency of handwriting. Middle schools should pay attention to the persistence of writing practice and the continuous improvement of writing skills.

3.Evaluation methods and methods. The evaluation of calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools should be combined with the needs of teaching, and a variety of evaluation methods should be flexibly adopted, such as circle method, annotation method, demonstration method and homework analysis method, as well as methods such as display and motivation, reflection and summary, and the establishment of growth record bags. In the evaluation process, self-evaluation, other evaluation, mutual evaluation and other methods should be comprehensively adopted. It is advisable to set up paper scores in the examinations of various subjects.

Calligraphy education in primary and secondary schools does not hold special examinations, and calligraphy grade examinations are not carried out.

(3) Suggestions for the preparation of teaching books.

1Books for teaching calligraphy in primary and secondary schools include "Calligraphy Practice Guide" for students and "Calligraphy Teaching Guide" for teachers. The compilation of teaching books should be in accordance with the "Compulsory Education Chinese Curriculum Standards (2011 Edition)", high school Chinese, art, art and other related curriculum standards and the relevant requirements of this outline, and gradually arrange the teaching content, design teaching activities, and implement the teaching objectives; It is necessary to embody the basic, practical, phased and normative nature of calligraphy education.

2The "Calligraphy Practice Guide" in the compulsory education stage should conform to the physical and mental development characteristics of students, take writing practice as the main body, compile the content of the essential writing technique guidance, and appropriately integrate the content of calligraphy aesthetics and calligraphy culture. The capacity is appropriate, the difficulty is moderate, and attention is paid to stimulating students' interest in learning and improving learning efficiency.

The compilation of the "Calligraphy Practice Guide" for the lower primary school should refer to Appendix 4 "Basic Character List" of the "Compulsory Education Chinese Curriculum Standards (2011 Edition)", refer to the literacy and writing content of the students' Chinese textbooks, take the examples of hard pen writing and writing exercises as the main body, and appropriately compile the guidance content of essential writing postures and writing habits.

The compilation of the "Calligraphy Practice Guide" for the middle and upper grades of primary school is based on the hard pen regular script, line script and brush regular script, attaches importance to writing practice, appropriately incorporates the guidance content of essential writing postures, writing habits and writing techniques, and appropriately integrates the content of calligraphy aesthetics and calligraphy culture.

The compilation of the "Calligraphy Practice Guide" in junior high school is based on the hard pen line block script writing practice and the copying of classic inscriptions in brush and regular script, and appropriately incorporates the essential writing technique guidance content, and appropriately integrates the content of calligraphy aesthetics and calligraphy culture.

At the high school level, calligraphy elective textbooks can be compiled in accordance with the requirements of relevant curriculum standards.

3Teachers use the "Calligraphy Teaching Guide" to provide calligraphy teachers with exemplary materials and method guidance in terms of teaching content, teaching methods, calligraphy culture and calligraphy appreciation.